Spinal degenerative disease is a term that covers any disease that results from aging or wear and tear on the spine. Three of the most common forms of spinal degenerative disease are herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and cervical spondylosis.
Herniated Discs
The spinal discs consist of a tough outer layer and a soft centre. Herniated discs occur when the outer layer develops a crack and some of the soft centre pushes through; this can compress nerves, causing pain and debility. Herniated discs can occur anywhere along the spine but are most commonly in the lower back.
Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis can occur anywhere in the spine but is most common in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (low back) spine. In this condition, the open space within your spine narrows, usually due to wear and tear related to aging. As the space narrows, nerves or the spinal cord may be compressed.
Symptoms of spinal stenosis:
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness in an arm, leg, foot, or hand.
- Leg cramps or pain when you stand for long periods, or when you walk. Bending forward or sitting down can reduce pain.
Spinal stenosis may be difficult to diagnose, since the symptoms are in-common with other conditions.
Surgery for spinal stenosis removes part of the affected vertebra to create more room in the spinal canal. In some cases, vertebrae may also need to be fused together to separate them enough to create room for the nerves and to preserve spinal stability.
Cervical Spondylosis
Cervical Spondylosis is osteoarthritis of the cervical spine. As discs age and shrink, bone spurs and other arthritic symptoms develop.
Symptoms of cervical spondylosis:
- Neck pain and stiffness
- Numbness, tingling, and/or weakness in your arms, legs, hands, or feet
- Lack of coordination